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2015-06-07 11:04 |
土楼建筑特点:以生土为主要材料,掺上石灰、细砂、糯米饭、红糖、竹片、木条等,经反复揉、舂压、夯筑而成。具有聚族而居、防盗、防震、防兽、防火、防潮、通风采光等特点。土楼一般高三至五层,一层为厨房,二层为仓库,三层以上为起居室,可居住200至700人。土楼起源于唐朝陈元光开漳时的兵营、城堡和山寨,是闽南地区自唐以来"外寇之出入,蟊贼之内讧"的特殊社会环境的产物。 土楼的建筑历史:"齐云楼",建于明洪武四年(1371年),至今620多年。南靖县书洋乡田螺坑的土楼群,由一方一椭三圆五座土楼组合而成,气势磅礴,令人震撼。 对土楼的评价:南靖土楼 成千上万,堪称"土楼王国"。建筑学家茂木计一郎誉土楼为"天上掉下的飞碟,地上长出的蘑菇";联合国科教文组织顾问史蒂汶斯.安烈称是世界上独一无二、神话般的山区建筑模式;中国文物局、古建筑保护专家组组长罗哲文评价"看似千篇一律,实则不拘一格,各具特色"、"是世界建筑史上的奇葩";上海同济大学教授路秉杰带领师生完成《福建南靖圆寨实测图集》后说:"没有看到南靖田螺坑的土楼群,不算真正看到土楼。"
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